[DOWNLOAD] Sociology Chapter 2 Review Answers | updated!
Describe sociology as a multi-perspectival social science divided into positivist, interpretive and critical paradigms. Define the similarities and differences between quantitative sociology, structural functionalism, historical materialism,...
[FREE] Sociology Chapter 2 Review Answers | latest
You are one of the crowd. You cheer and applaud when everyone else does. You boo and yell alongside them. You know how to behave in this kind of crowd. It can be a very different experience if you are travelling in a foreign country and you find...
Sociology Chapter 2 Self Notes
Why was the crowd response to the two events so different? Figure 1. The group is a phenomenon that is more than the sum of its parts. Why do we feel and act differently in different types of social situations? Why might people of a single group exhibit different behaviours in the same situation? Why might people acting similarly not feel connected to others exhibiting the same behaviour? These are some of the many questions sociologists ask as they study people and societies. What Is Sociology? Sociologists learn about society as a whole while studying one-to-one and group interactions. Photo courtesy of Robert S. How can the experience of companionship or togetherness be put into words or explained? While this is a starting point for the discipline, sociology is actually much more complex. It uses many different theories and methods to study a wide range of subject matter, and applies these studies to the real world.
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Quizlet Sociology Chapter 1 2 And 3
The sociologist Dorothy Smith b. These aspects of social life never simply occur; they are organized processes. They can be the briefest of everyday interactions — moving to the right to let someone pass on a busy sidewalk, for example — or the largest and most enduring interactions — such as the billions of daily exchanges that constitute the circuits of global capitalism.
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Sociology Chapter 1 Quizlet
What collective processes lead to the decision that moving to the right rather than the left is normal? Think about the T-shirts in your chest of drawers at home. What are the sequences of linkages, exchanges, and social relationships that connect your T-shirts to the dangerous and hyper-exploitative garment factories in rural China or Bangladesh? These are the type of questions that point to the unique domain and puzzles of the social that sociology seeks to explore and understand. What are Society and Culture? Micro, Macro and Global Perspectives Sociologists study all aspects and levels of society. A society is a group of people whose members interact, reside in a definable area, and share a culture. One sociologist might analyze video of people from different societies as they carry on everyday conversations to study the rules of polite conversation from different world cultures.
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Intro To Sociology – Chapter 2 Review
Another sociologist might interview a representative sample of people to see how email and instant messaging have changed the way organizations are run. Yet another sociologist might study how migration determined the way in which language spread and changed over time. A fourth sociologist might study the history of international agencies like the United Nations or the International Monetary Fund to examine how the globe became divided into a First World and a Third World after the end of the colonial era. These examples illustrate the ways in which society and culture can be studied at different levels of analysis, from the detailed study of face-to-face interactions to the examination of large-scale historical processes affecting entire civilizations.
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Sociology Quizlet Chapter 12
It is common to divide these levels of analysis into different gradations based on the scale of interaction involved. As discussed in later chapters, sociologists break the study of society down into four separate levels of analysis: micro, meso, macro, and global. The basic distinctions, however, are between micro-level sociology, macro-level sociology and global-level sociology. The study of cultural rules of politeness in conversation is an example of micro-level sociology.
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Chapter 2 Review
At the micro-level of analysis, the focus is on the social dynamics of intimate, face-to-face interactions. Research is conducted with a specific set of individuals such as conversational partners, family members, work associates, or friendship groups. If the same misunderstandings occur consistently in a number of different interactions, the sociologists may be able to propose some generalizations about rules of politeness that would be helpful in reducing tensions in mixed-group dynamics e. Other examples of micro-level research include seeing how informal networks become a key source of support and advancement in formal bureaucracies, or how loyalty to criminal gangs is established.
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Shared Flashcard Set
Macro-level sociology focuses on the properties of large-scale, society-wide social interactions that extend beyond the immediate milieu of individual interactions: the dynamics of institutions, class structures, gender relations, or whole populations. The example above of the influence of migration on changing patterns of language usage is a macro-level phenomenon because it refers to structures or processes of social interaction that occur outside or beyond the intimate circle of individual social acquaintances.
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NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Sociology Chapter 2 Terms, Concepts And Their Use In Sociology
These include the economic, political, and other circumstances that lead to migration; the educational, media, and other communication structures that help or hinder the spread of speech patterns; the class, racial, or ethnic divisions that create different slangs or cultures of language use; the relative isolation or integration of different communities within a population; and so on. Other examples of macro-level research include examining why women are far less likely than men to reach positions of power in society, or why fundamentalist Christian religious movements play a more prominent role in American politics than they do in Canadian politics. In each case, the site of the analysis shifts away from the nuances and detail of micro-level interpersonal life to the broader, macro-level systematic patterns that structure social change and social cohesion in society.
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Sociology 101 Exam 2 Review Questions
In global-level sociology, the focus is on structures and processes that extend beyond the boundaries of states or specific societies. The example above of the way in which the world became divided into wealthy First World and impoverished Third World societies reflects social processes — the formation of international institutions such as the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, and non-governmental organizations, for example — which are global in scale and global in their effects. With the boom and bust of petroleum or other export commodity economies, it is clear to someone living in Fort McMurray, Alberta, that their daily life is affected not only by their intimate relationships with the people around them, nor only by provincial and national based corporations and policies, etc. The context of these processes has to be analysed at a global scale of analysis.
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The Sociological Imagination Summary And Analysis Of Chapter 2
The relationship between the micro, macro, and global remains one of the key conceptual problems confronting sociology. While suicide is one of the most personal, individual, and intimate acts imaginable, Durkheim demonstrated that rates of suicide differed between religious communities — Protestants, Catholics, and Jews — in a way that could not be explained by the individual factors involved in each specific case. The different rates of suicide had to be explained by macro-level variables associated with the different religious beliefs and practices of the faith communities; more specifically, the different degrees of social integration of these communities. We will return to this example in more detail later. On the other hand, macro-level phenomena like class structures, institutional organizations, legal systems, gender stereotypes, population growth, and urban ways of life provide the shared context for everyday life but do not explain its specific nuances and micro-variations very well.
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Essentials Of Sociology Chapter 2 Summary
The Sociological Imagination Although the scale of sociological studies and the methods of carrying them out are different, the sociologists involved in them all have something in common. Each of them looks at society using what pioneer sociologist C. Mills reasoned that private troubles like being overweight, being unemployed, having marital difficulties, or feeling purposeless or depressed can be purely personal in nature. However, if private troubles are widely shared with others, they indicate that there is a common social problem that has its source in the way social life is structured. At this level, the issues are not adequately understood as simply private troubles.
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Sociology Chapter Two Quiz
They are best addressed as public issues that require a collective response to resolve. Obesity, for example, has been increasingly recognized as a growing problem for both children and adults in North America. Michael Pollan cites statistics that three out of five Americans are overweight and one out of five is obese In Canada in , just under one in five adults Obesity is therefore not simply a private concern related to the medical issues, dietary practices, or exercise habits of specific individuals. It is a widely shared social issue that puts people at risk for chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. It also creates significant social costs for the medical system. Pollan argues that obesity is in part a product of the increasingly sedentary and stressful lifestyle of modern, capitalist society.
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Sociology Chapter 2 Test Answers
More importantly, however, it is a product of the industrialization of the food chain, which since the s has produced increasingly cheap and abundant food with significantly more calories due to processing. Additives like corn syrup, which are much cheaper and therefore more profitable to produce than natural sugars, led to the trend of super-sized fast foods and soft drinks in the s.
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Intro To Sociology - Chapter 2 Review | Medicoguia.com
As Pollan argues, trying to find a processed food in the supermarket without a cheap, calorie-rich, corn-based additive is a challenge.
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Sociology Chapter Two Quiz - ProProfs Quiz
How does it differ from society? Culture consists of the values held by members of a particular group, the languages they speak, the symbols they revere, the norms they follow, and the material goods they create, from tools to clothing. Culture refers to the ways of life of the individual members or groups within a society: their apparel, marriage customs and family life, patterns of work, religious ceremonies, and leisure pursuits. Society is a system of interrelationships that connects individuals together. Culture enable early humans to compensate for their physical limitations. Culture freed humans from dependence on the instinctual and genetically determined set of responses to the environment characteristic of other species. How have societies changed over time? There were two types premodern societies. One: pastoral societies and agrarian societies.
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Answer To Question #133411 In Sociology For Manfred Katsiga
Two: Hunters and gatherers. These faded out when industrialization modernized society. Industrialization has promoted global development. Globalization homogenizes cultures or creates new cultures. Like the concept of society, the notion of culture is widely used in sociology and the other social sciences particularly anthropology. Culture is one of the most distinctive properties of human social association. What individuals value is strongly influenced by the specific culture in which they happen to live. These influence the ways in which people live.
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Sociology Chapter 2 Notes - Huffman's JHS Social Studies
Applying that perspective to the task of gathering knowledge about the social world brings us to sociological investigation. Chapter 1 has explained that sociology is a multi-paradigmatic discipline in terms of theory. It is also true that there are many ways to approach sociological investigation. In part, sociology is a social science. Therefore, the chapter begins with an explanation of scientific inquiry. But some sociologists, aware of the limitation of focusing on observable action and quantitative data, support a more qualitative inquiry that focuses on interpretation and meaning. In addition, some sociologists, aware of the limitation of science imposed by its struggle to claim objectivity, embrace a more critical and activist vision of research in pursuit of social change. Many sociologists favor one methodological approach; many blend them in various ways.
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Sociology Ch 2: Culture And Society Flashcards By Katie Clary | Brainscape
Notice, too, that these approaches roughly correspond to the differences in theoretical orientations: scientific sociology is consistent with structural-function theory, interpretive sociology shows commonality with symbolic-interaction theory, and critical sociology shares traits with various social-conflict and feminist theories. Keep students focused on the reason we study the social world in the first place—there is much to learn and this knowledge can help us live richer lives and improve our society.
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Sociology Chapter 1 And 2 Test
Consider the Power of Society figure on page 28, which shows how race doubles the odds for some white young men to earn a college degree just as it increases the odds six-fold for other young men African American of ending up in jail. To shape our world, first we must understand it. All rights reserved. Use of available data, which is done by sociologists, historians, and others, is illustrated by the historical study of culture and achievement in Puritan Boston and Quaker Philadelphia carried out by E.
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The Practical Skeptic: Core Concepts In Sociology
Digby Baltzell. Additional Content in REVEL REVEL is the electronic version of this text that provides interactive learning, student learning assessment, and additional readings and engaging video—at remarkably low cost. For each chapter, REVEL expands and deepens student learning with rich content including: In Greater Depth—This interactive graphic allows students to go deeper into the Power of Society figure at the beginning of the chapter, in this case showing how race is linked to average income for young males. A second video explores how sociologists study inequality. The Case of Premarital Sex. Surveys—These interactive exercises ask students to assess the own attitudes and behavior and compare themselves to others in the United States or to population in other countries. Read the Document—These primary readings allow students to read important sociologists in their own words.
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Sociology Chapter 2
All readings have been carefully chosen and edited to provide rich learning accessible to all students. In this chapter, students examine a possible link between U. Census participation rates and average income. Detailed Chapter Outline I. The Basics of Sociological Investigation L. Sociological investigation begins with two key requirements: 1. Apply the sociological perspective. Be curious and ask questions. Sociology on the Job: What Is Sociology? In this video, Professor Tracy Xavia Karner, PhD, explores the ways in which graduates use sociology in their employment. She explains the different fields of sociology and how understanding sociology more in- depth can help in all aspects of everyday life. Sociology is a type of science, a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation. Science is one form of truth. Scientific knowledge is based on empirical evidence, or information we can verify with our senses. Scientific evidence sometimes contradicts common sense explanations of social behavior.
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Sociology Chapter 2 Self Notes | Medicoguia.com
The Case of Extramarital Sex. But a lot of what we read turns out to be misleading or even untrue. Take the issue of extramarital sex. Three Ways to Do Sociology L. There are three ways to do research in sociology: positivist sociology, interpretive sociology, and critical sociology. Positivist sociology. Positivist sociology is the study of society based on systematic observation of social behavior. The scientific orientation to knowing, called positivism, assumes that an objective reality exists.
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Sociology Chapter 2 Test Answers | Medicoguia.com
Concepts are mental constructs that represent some part of the world in a simplified form. Variables are concepts whose value changes from case to case. Measurement is the procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case. Statistical measures are frequently used to describe populations as a whole. This requires that researchers operationalize variables, which means specifying exactly what is to be measured before assigning a value to a variable. The mode is the value that occurs most often in a series of numbers. The mean refers to the arithmetic average of a series of numbers. The median is the value that occurs midway in a series of numbers arranged from lowest to highest. For a measurement to be useful, it must be reliable and valid.
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Sociology-Chapter 1 And 2 Test
Reliability refers to consistency in measurement. Validity means precision in measuring exactly what one intends to measure. Relationships among variables. Cause and effect is a relationship in which change in one variable causes change in another. The independent variable is the variable that causes the change. The dependent variable is the variable that changes. Cause-and-effect relationships allow us to predict how one pattern of behavior will produce another. Correlation exists when two or more variables change together. Spurious correlation means an apparent, although false, association between two or more variables caused by some other variable. Spurious correlations can be discovered through scientific control, the ability to neutralize the effect of one variable in order to assess relationships among other variables. One way to limit distortion caused by personal values is through replication, or repetition of research by others in order to assess its accuracy.
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Chapter 1. An Introduction To Sociology
Some limitations of scientific sociology: a. Because humans respond to their surroundings, the mere presence of a researcher may affect the behavior being studied. Social patterns vary; what is true in one time or place may not hold true in another. Because sociologists are part of the social world they study, being value- free when conducting social research is difficult. Interpretive sociology. Max Weber, who pioneered this framework, argued that the focus of sociology is interpretation. Interpretive sociology is the study of society that focuses on the meanings people attach to their social world. Critical sociology. Critical sociology is the study of society that focuses on the need for social change. The point is not merely to study the world as it is, but to change it. Research orientations and theory. Is there a link between research orientations and sociological theory? The positivist orientation and the structural-functional approach are both concerned with understanding society as it is.
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Sociology: Chapter 1 Exam Review
Interpretive sociology and the symbolic-interaction approach focus on the meanings people attach to their social world. Critical sociology and the social-conflict approach both seek to reduce social inequality. Gender and Research L. Research is affected by gender, the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female and male, in five ways: 1. Androcentricity, or approaching an issue from the male perspective only. Overgeneralizing, or using data drawn from studying only one sex to support conclusions about human behavior in general. Gender blindness, or not considering the variable of gender at all.
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Holt Sociology: Chapter 2 - Cultural Diversity Flashcards
Double standards, or judging men and women differently. Interference because a subject reacts to the sex of the researcher. The American Sociological Association has established formal guidelines for conducting research. Research Ethics L. Like all researchers, sociologists must be aware that research can harm as well as help subjects or communities. For this reason, the American Sociological Association ASA —the major professional association of sociologists in North America—has established formal guidelines for conducting research Research Methods L.
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Sociology Chapter 2 Quiz Flashcards - Medicoguia.com
A research method is a systematic plan for conducting research. Four commonly used research methods are: A. An experiment is a research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions. Experimental research is explanatory, meaning that it asks not just what happens but why. Typically, researchers conduct experiments to test hypotheses, unverified statements of a relationship between variables. Most experiments are conducted in laboratories and employ experimental and control groups. Gerardo and Barbara Marin have identified five areas of concern in conducting research with Hispanics: a. Be careful with terms.
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Sociology Chapter 2 Review Answers
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